第三個條件

一旦你學習了並且能夠自信地使用零、第一和第二個條件，你就可以學習第三個也是最後一個條件了。能夠使用第三個條件確實會讓你聽起來像一個以母語為母語的人。因此請繼續閱讀以了解何時使用它以及如何使用它。

我們什麼時候使用第三個條件？

第三個條件句用來表達過去不切實際的行為或情況的過去後果。

例如，

• If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.

第一個行動（努力學習）沒有發生。但萬一發生了，後果就是通過考試。第三個條件與第二個條件非常相似。但是，第二個條件指的是現在或將來不切實際的事情，而第三個條件指的是過去不切實際的事。

我們經常使用第三條件來表達遺憾——描述我們對發生或未發生的事情感到遺憾。例如，

• If my alarm had gone off, I wouldn’t have been late to work.
• If there hadn’t been so much traffic we wouldn’t have missed our flight.

我們如何建立第三個條件？

為了構成第三條件句，我們使用：

If + 過去完成式，would/wouldn't have + 過去分詞。

• If you had told me about the meeting, I would have come.
• If you had told me about the meeting, I wouldn’t have missed it.

與所有條件一樣，您也可以反轉此結構：

Would have + 過去分詞 if + 過去完成式。

• I’d have come to the meeting if you’d told me about it.
• I wouldn’t have missed the meeting if you’d told me about it.

單詞 would 通常會被母語人士縮寫為 ‘d。在非正式寫作中使用這種縮寫也是可以接受的。而在口語中，將 have 縮寫為 ‘ve 在第三類條件句中是很常見的。例如，

• I’d’ve come to the meeting if you’d told me.

然而，即使在非正式的情境中，我們也不能這樣寫。不過，了解這一點是有用的，這樣當母語人士說出來時，您就能識別出來

作為 would 的替代，我們可以用 could 來完成第三類條件句的第二部分。例如，

• If I’d stayed at university, I could have got a masters degree.

這裡是第三類條件句的其他一些例子：

• He’d have got the job if he hadn’t been so nervous in the interview.
• What would you have done if you’d been me?
• If it hadn’t been snowing heavily, we’d have carried on skiing.
• The company would have survived if there hadn’t been a recession.
• Would you have accepted the offer if we’d reduced the price?
• If you hadn’t invited me out, I’d have stayed in all day.
• She wouldn’t have given you a fine if you’d apologized.
• If they hadn’t won that match, the club would have fired the manager.
• They could have stayed here if they hadn’t found any accommodation.

混合第二個和第三個條件

可以將第二條件和第三條件結合。有兩種方法可以做到這一點。我們可以

描述過去情況的當前後果

If + 一般過去式，would have + 過去分詞

• If I were adventurous, I’d have gone backpacking after university.

描述當前狀況對過去造成的後果

If + 過去完成式, would + 動詞

• If we hadn’t missed the flight, we’d be in our hotel by now.

這裡還有一些例子，

• If I’d studied for a year in the U.S, my English would be fluent now.
• The roads wouldn’t be so icy if it hadn’t rained so much last night.
• If she weren’t so shy, she’d have gone to the party on her own.
• The fans would be miserable now if their team had been relegated.

第三個條件的結構相當複雜，需要花費一些時間和練習才能熟悉。那為什麼不現在就開始做一個有趣的測驗呢？